Exercise: Using Advanced Search Features

Task 1 	Developing a Search Strategy	1
Task 2 	Performing Search		2
Task 3 	Searching for Phrases	3
Task 4	Searching for Plurals	4
Task 5	Searching in Fields
Task 6 	Refining your Search
Task 7 	Restricting Search by Language
Task 8 	Structuring Long Or Complex Searches
Task 9 	Restricting Search by Dates

Appendix  1 	Examples of Structured Searches
Appendix 2 	AWORC Keywords

Objectives
When you have completed these exercises you should be able to:

	Devise a strategy for web searching and follow a procedure for planning a search.
	Make effective use of web search engine features and functions

Task 1	Developing a Search Strategy
Objectives	To devise a search strategy and plan a search in advance.
Method	You will follow a series of logical steps in devising your search strategy
Activity 1.1	In this task you are going to develop a search strategy on a sample topic area.
	Planning a search strategy before you actually start to search on the web can be a good idea as it helps you to focus more precisely on your topic and your information needs.  You can then apply this approach to a topic of your own choice.  
The  sample topic you are going to develop a search strategy for is as follows:
Women Asia Internet 
First of all, use the space below to make a list of as many words as you can think of which might be associated with this topic.  You might want to think about things like plural and singular versions of words, similar concepts, narrower and broader terms, and synonyms.

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Activity 1.2	Take a look at Appendix 1 of this document for a list of possible words and topics which might be relevant to the above subject.
	You will notice that this list of words has been grouped into concepts.  Using the space below, group your own list of words into concept areas, as has been done in Appendix 1.
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Activity 1.3	You are now going to structure your search terms using AND, OR, NOT (boolean operators), phrases and truncation.
	You can use some or all of your words from the list you have generated.
	Using the space below, structure your search using some or all of the key words you have chosen.
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Activity 1.4	Take a look at Appendix 2 of this document for examples of how you can structure your search.
	Notice the use of parentheses to group together similar words and concepts.  Notice also the use of AND and OR, and the use of a truncation character to cover both singular and plural instances of words.  
Note:  you might not want to include all of your words from your list in your search.  
You may decide to run a number of different searches using different variations of words, or to keep some words in reserve in case your first choice of keywords doesn’t produce any useful results.
Activity 1.5	At this point you should also think about any other factors that you might want to consider in your search.
	For example, do you want to limit the search to documents from the English language?  Do you want to limit your search to documents over a particular date span?  
Make a note in the space provided below of any other factors you might want to take into 
consideration when searching for information on this topic.

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Task 2	Performing Search
Objectives	To use the Alta Vista search engine to perform a search
Method	You will access Alta Vista at the URL http://www.altavista.digital.com
Activity 2.1	In your WWW browser enter the URL:
http://www.altavista.digital.com
Activity 2.2	Type the words  women Asia Internet into the text entry box and click on the Search button to perform your search.  Alta Vista will perform your search and display the results on screen.
Make a note of how many results you retrieve from the search in the space provided below:

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Activity 2.3	Now perform the search again.  This time type  +women +Asia +Internet in the text entry box (ie: place a plus sign in front of each of your terms).
Click on the Search button to start your search.
Make a note of how many results you retrieve from the search in the space provided below:

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Take a look at your search results.  You should notice a difference in both the number and content of documents you retrieve from this second search.  You should have found fewer documents than in the previous search, and overall, more of these documents should be relevant to your query. 
This is because the query women Asia Internet will find pages where either word is present, not necessarily both of them.  This is the equivalent of using Boolean OR in a search.

The search on +women +Asia +Internet will find pages where all three words are present. This is the equivalent of using Boolean AND in a search to link terms together.
Activity 2.4	Try some more searches on Alta Vista using the plus sign.  Try some of the combinations of words which you listed in Task 1.  You can also try your own topic areas of interest if you prefer.

Task 3	Searching for Phrases
Objectives	To explore searching for phrases on Alta Vista
Method	You will follow instructions for phrase searching
Activity 3.1	Perform a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
+human rights +women 
Click on the Search button to perform your search, and take a look at your results.
Make a note in the space provided below of how many results you retrieve.

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Activity 3.2	Now perform this search again.  This time, type the following:
+”himen rights” +women
Note the quotation marks around the phrase “human rights”.

Take a look at your results and make a note of how many results you have retrieved.  Compare this with the number of results from your first search above.

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You should find that your results from the second search are more likely to be relevant to the topic than those from the first search.  You should also find that you have retrieved fewer results from the second search.

The quotation marks enable you to search for a particular phrase; that is, where two or more words appear exactly adjacent to each other in the text of a document.
Activity 3.3	Try some more searches on Alta Vista using phrase searching features.  Try some more combinations of words and phrases from the list of terms which you drew up in Task 1.  You can also try your own topic areas of interest if you prefer.

Task 4	Searching for Plurals
Objectives	To explore methods of searching for plural instances of words and phrases on Alta Vista
Method	You will follow instructions for searching on plurals
Activity 4.1	Perform a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
+Asia +women +organizations
Click on the Search button to perform your search, and take a look at your results.
Make a note in the space provided below of how many results you retrieve.

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Activity 4.2	Now perform this search again.  This time, type the following:
+Asia +women +organization*

Note the asterisk at the end of the word meal.
Take a look at your results and make a note of how many results you have retrieved.  Compare this with the number of results from your first search above.

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You should find that you retrieve more results from the second search than you did from the first search.  The asterisk acts as a truncation character; finding all the words which have meal as their main stem.  This means that it will find documents containing the words meal and meals. 
Activity 4.3	You can also use truncation to find other variations of words.  For example; try a search on  femin*
This should find documents containing the following words: feminine, femininity, feminism, feminists, etc.

Task 5	Searching in Fields
Objectives	To explore methods of searching in different fields of documents.
Method	You will follow instructions for field searching	
Activity 5.1	Perform a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
“Beijing Platform for Action”
Click on the Search button to perform your search, and take a look at your results.
Make a note in the space provided below of how many results you retrieve.
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Activity 5.2	Now perform this search again.  This time, type the following:
title:” Beijing Platform for Action”

Take a look at your results and make a note of how many results you have retrieved.  Compare this with the number of results from your first search above.

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You should find that you retrieve fewer results from the second search than you do from the first search.  The documents you retrieve should also be generally more relevant.
In the second search, Alta Vista is searching only the titles of documents for your keywords.
It is likely that a document which contains the words “Beijing Platform for Action”  in its title is more likely to be relevant to your needs than one which just briefly mentions these words somewhere in the main body of the document.
You also stand a better chance of finding the home page for the Beijing Platform for Action by searching  titles: otherwise you might simply find documents which mentioned the Beijing Platform for Action.
Activity 5.3	There are other fields which you can also search in Alta Vista to improve your search results.  A list of these is given below:
text:		enables you to restrict a search just to the main body of a document.
link:		restricts the search to hypertext links in documents.  Useful if you want 				to find out how many sites link to a particular web page
anchor:	searches for the visible part of a hypertext link (ie: the actual words 				you click on rather than the underlying URL)
url:		searches for a particular URL (or part of a URL) on a web page, 				whether as a hypertext link or not.
host:		searches on the host name -ie: host: jcanet.  Useful if you can’t 				remember the full URL of a web page
domain:	searches on the domain name (country code such as .kr or other 				domains such as org, edu, ac, net etc.  Useful for restricting your search to 			particular types of documents - eg: non-profit organization sites, Korea only web 		sites etc.) 
image:	searches on images on web pages (actually using the filename of the 				image, or the alternative text which some web authors provide.
applet:	searches for applets, which are small programs embedded into web 				documents. 

Try some more searches using some of the different fields shown above.  Try these on the list of words you drew up in Task 1, or on your own subject area of interest.  For example, you could search for pictures from art books by typing:
image:art
or
+image:art +vegetarian
Task 6	Refining Your Search
Objectives	To explore methods of refining a search on Alta Vista
Method	You will follow instructions below for refining a search
Activity 6.1	Perform a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
+women +Asian
Click on the Search button to perform your search, and take a look at your results.
Make a note in the space provided below of how many results you retrieve.

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Activity 6.2	Click on the Refine button.  This will enable you to refine your search down to particular areas of vegetarian cookery.  Alta Vista will look at all the documents it found for your first search, and sort them into different categories according to the different sorts of topics which they cover.
For example, your search may have found documents on a range of different topics such as the following ones:
dating service
friendship 
Salads
Sweet recipes
Gourmet recipes
If any of these topic areas are of specific interest to you, you can then refine your search in order to look at those documents in particular.

You can now see at a glance the sorts of topics that the documents retrieved are covering.  If any of these topics are of particular interest to you, you can now choose the Require option to prioritise them in your search (shown above).  Select the Require ooption from the pull-down menus next to each category. Click on the Search button to run your search again with the refinement options selected.
Note:  it is generally best to choose one category at a time, and then run the search again.  Review your results before refining the search again.

Task 7	Restricting your Search by Language
Objectives	To explore methods of restricting a search by language.
Method	You will follow the instructions given below for searching by language
Activity 7.1	Perform a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
	+vegan +gourmet +cookery
Click on the pull down menu item shown below, and choose English from the list of languages available for searching.

Figure 7  Searching By Language
Your search will now be restricted to documents which are in the english language.

Task 8	Structuring Long Or Complex Searches
Objectives	To structure a long, complex search using the Advanced Search option.
Method	You will follow the instructions below, which will show you how to use the Advanced Search option to structure a complex search.
Activity 8.1	Click on the Advanced Search option on the Alta Vista home page.  You can use the Advanced Search option to structure longer queries more effectively.
Perform a search on the following topic:
(vegetarian or veggie or vegan) and (recipe* or cook*) and (“special occasion*” or celebration*)

Figure 8  Using The Advanced Search Option
Type the search exactly as shown above.  
Notice the use of parentheses:
(recipe* or cook*) 
to group together certain catergories of words, the use of truncation:
recipe* 
and the use of boolean AND and OR:
vegetarian or veggie or vegan
instead of the plus sign.
The advanced search option is the best place to perform a search on much longer queries, like the one shown above, where you want to include lots of different terms.  
Activity 8.2	Try performing another search on Alta Vista using the Advanced Search option.  You can choose a search from the list of words and search strategies you drew up in Task 1, or choose a topic of your own if you prefer.

Task 9	Restricting Your Search By Date
Objectives	To restrict a search to a particular date period
Method	You will use the Advanced Search option to restrict a search by date.
Activity 9.1	Use the Advanced Search option to perform  a search on Alta Vista for the following topic:
(vegetarian or veggie or “meat free”) and (recipe* or cook* or food)
In the date field (shown below) you should type the following:
From: 1/Jan/98
To: 1/Mar/98

Figure 9  Restricting A Search By Date
This will restrict your search to documents which were made available on the web between that date period (or have been updated in that period).  This can be useful for finding very up to date documents, or in order to screen out older material.
 
Appendix 1
Examples of structured searches using Boolean logic, parentheses and truncation.

(pornography or porn) and (media*) and (“violence against women” or “portrayal of women in media”)

(“Internet” or “information technology”) and (women* or feminis*) and (organizations or networks)

“Asian Women’s Resource Exchange” and (inform* or communi*) 

Appendix 2: Keywords for AWORC  Search
(based on thesaurus of Isis-International Manila)
http://www.jca.ax.apc.org/aworc/keywords/keywords.html#COM

List of Primary Categories

     [AGR] Agriculture & Rural Economy 
     [COM] Communication & Information 
     [CUL] Culture 
     [DEM] Demography 
     [DEV] Development 
     [ECO] Economy & Work 
     [EDU] Education 
     [ENV] Environment 
     [FAM] Family 
     [HEA] Health 
     [HUM] Human Rights 
     [IDE] Ideologies 
     [LAW] Law 
     [LIF] Life Cycles 
     [LIT] Literature & Arts 
     [MHE] Mental Health 
     [NUT] Nutrition & Food 
     [PEA] Peace & Disarmament 
     [POL] Politics & Government 
     [REL] Religion & Spirituality 
     [REP] Reproductive Health 
     [SCI] Science & Technology 
     [SEX] Women's Sexuality & Identity 
     [SOC] Social Actors & Political Movements 
     [VAW] Violence Against Women 
     [WIS] Women in Islam 

[AGR] Agriculture & Rural Economy
AGRARIAN POLICY 
     Includes agrarian reform and land reform 
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT 
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 
     Agricultural Production 
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 
Includes rice, fruit, vegetable, sugar, coconut and other crops 
AGRO-INDUSTRY 
     Includes industrial forestry, and industrial plantations 
CHEMICAL INTENSIVE FARMING 
The use of pesticides and fertilizers in farming and the dangers of their use. Includes Integrated Pest Management. See also Environmental Hazards and Health Hazards. 
COOPERATIVES 
Refers to cooperatives and includes small socio-economic projects 
FARMERS 
    Includes peasants 
FISHERIES AND MARINE RESOURCE 
FOOD PRODUCTION 
    Use Agricultural Production 
HOME-BASED WORKERS 
LAND OWNERSHIP 
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY 
ORGANIC FARMING 
PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS 
PESTS 
RURAL AREAS 
RURAL DEVELOPMENT 
    Includes community, infrastructure, and local government 
RURAL ECONOMY 
RURAL HEALTH CARE 
RURAL WOMEN 
Includes farm workers and women working in agriculture 
SMALL-SCALE FARMING 
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 

[COM] Communication & Information
ADVERTISING 
ALTERNATIVE MEDIA 
Includes people's and women's media such as storytelling, visual, and performance arts 
CENSORSHIP 
COMMUNICATION EDUCATION 
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 
    Includes New Information Technologies (NITs) 
GLOBALIZATION OF MEDIA 
INFORMATION CENTERS 
Includes information services, information processing, documentation centers and databanks 
INFORMATION NETWORKS 
Consortia of information centers, libraries, resource centers and databanks, INTERNET 
MAINSTREAM MEDIA 
Includes print, film, radio, and TV whether privately-owned or publicly-owned 
PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN MEDIA 
How women are portrayed/depicted in media. Includes stereotyping and images of women. 
VIOLENCE IN MEDIA 

[CUL] Culture
ACCULTURATION 
Transformation of a society or group in contact with another which adapted to the latter's cultural practices and beliefs. 
AGEISM 
    Discrimination against elderly 
CHILD MARRIAGES 
The practice of arranging marriages between little children. It is found more frequently in Muslim and Hindu cultures. More exploitative practices involve marrying young girls to old men. 
CHILDREARING 
The way a child is cared for, taught values, get involved in activities (social, economic, educational, etc.) and accorded the rights due to a child. 
CRAFTS 
CULTURAL DIVERSITY 
CULTURAL IDENTITY 
Cultural structure that is progressively built ( norms, customs) by which a populace is recognized. 
CULTURAL STEREOTYPES 
DOWRY 
ETHNIC CONFLICTS 
ETHNICITY 
GAMES AND SPORTS 
    Include toys 
GENDER SYSTEMS 
HISTORY 
HUMOR 
INDIGENOUS GROUPS 
    Include ethnic, native populations, racial groups 
LANGUAGE 
    Refers to the analysis of symbols, social function and culture of the language 
MALE BIAS 
Refers to bias for male fetuses, glorification of male anatomy, e.g., adoration of the penis. 
MYTHS 
Fables, fiction existing models of social institutions pertaining to a group. Includes mythology. 
POLYGAMY 
SOCIAL CLASSES 
SYMBOLS 
TABOOS 
TRADITIONS 
VALUE SYSTEMS 

[DEM] Demography
DEMOGRAPHY 
Includes demographic indicators and demographic situation such as infant mortality, morbidity, marriage and others 
EXILE 
    Use Refugees 
FERTILITY 
The abundance or rapidity in bearing offsprings. It also refers to the birthrate of a population, fertility rate and fertility behavior. Use for infertility. 
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 
IMMIGRANTS 
INFANT MORTALITY 
    Proportion of death in minors under one year of age over live infants in a time and determined place. Includes causes, problems, etc. 
INTERNAL MIGRATION 
     Refers to migration within national boundaries 
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 
     Refers to migration outside national frontiers 
MATERNAL MORTALITY 
MORBIDITY 
MORTALITY 
Proportionate number of deaths in a population within a determined time, includes all causes of death. 
NUPTIALITY 
Number of marriages proportionate to a determined time and place. 
POPULATION 
REFUGEES 
Population that abandons their own normal residency for political reasons and other reasons. 

[DEV] Development
AGENDA 21 
    Global action plan for the 21st century adopted during the UNCED or Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. Agenda 21 emphasizes the goals of sustainable and equitable development. 
CONFLICT RESOLUTION 
     Also includes conflict management 
COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT 
    Includes Government Organization-Non-Government Organization partnership 
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES 
    Includes International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank(WB), Asian Development Bank(ADB), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), etc. 
DEVELOPMENT DEBATES 
     Includes development strategies 
DEVELOPMENT PARADIGMS 
DEVELOPMENT PLANS AND PROJECTS 
     Includes development strategies 
FOOD SECURITY 
FOREIGN AID 
     Includes overseas development assistance (ODA) 
FUNDERS 
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 
HUMAN SETTLEMENT 
    Includes HABITAT II 
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 
    Includes conventions, declarations, international pacts and recommendations. UNESCO uses similar international instruments. 
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT 
NORTH-SOUTH RELATIONS 
PROGRAM AND PROJECT EVALUATIONS 
    Techniques as it relates to measurement, appraisals, qualifications, etc. 
PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT 
    Used for administration of project tasks including accounting,  financing and management. 
SOCIAL CHANGE 
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS 
    Refers to World Bank prescriptions to the South, i.e. trade liberalization, currency devaluation, reduction of public
    expenditures, increased taxation, dismantling of import controls and subsidiaries to domestic exports. Also known as SAPs. 
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
    Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (from Our Common Future - The Brundtland Commission Report, 1987). 
THIRD WORLD 
TRADE AGREEMENTS 
Includes General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT), North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), tariff trade
UN CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 
    Also known as HABITAT II 
UN DECADE FOR WOMEN 
    Covers the period 1975-1985 
UN WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN 
UN WORLD FOOD SECURITY SUMMIT 
UN WORLD SUMMIT ON SOCIAL DEVELPOMENT 
URBANIZATION 
WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT 
    Includes Women in Development(WID), Women and Development(WAD), Gender and Development(GAD) issues 

[ECO] Economy & Work
ALTERNATIVE ECONOMICS 
     Includes framework/model, women's proposals, framework building 
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION 
     Also known as APEC 
AUTOMATION 
    Includes computerization and mechanization of work in industry, agriculture, and at home 
CHILD CARE 
CHILD LABOR 
CHILDCARE LEAVE 
    A law or policy which grants working parents (often mothers) a period of leave from work to take care of a child or children. Includes maternity and paternity leaves. 
CLOTHING INDUSTRY 
     Includes garments and textile industry 
CONSUMER EDUCATION 
     Includes information, campaigns and consumer awareness 
CONSUMER MOVEMENTS 
CONSUMER ORGANIZATIONS 
CONSUMER PROTECTION 
     Includes consumer rights, consumer lobbying 
CONSUMERS 
CONSUMPTION PATTERNS 
     Includes consumption behavior 
COOPERATIVES 
     Refers to cooperatives and includes small socio-economic projects 
COSMETICS INDUSTRY 
CREDIT 
     Refers to access to credit, credit policies and credit system 
DOMESTIC HELPER 
     Used for household maids and helpers 
DOMESTIC WORK 
DOUBLE BURDEN 
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 
ECONOMIC CRISIS 
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
     Used for modernization. Includes technology, human settlement. 
ECONOMIC POLICY 
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 
    The economic organization of a nation based on a model and its translation to economic projects. 
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 
EMPLOYMENT 
     Also includes unemployment 
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS 
    Economic analysis where environment is a central theme/issue. Includes subjects like Bio-economics, life economics. 
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 
EQUAL PAY 
EVERYDAY LIFE 
     Includes personal accounts that is more exposition 
EXPLOITATION OF LABOR 
     Includes child labor, bonded labor, forced labor and slavery 
FEMINIZATION OF LABOR 
    The growing number of women in the labor force and its implications on the lives of women. 
FOREIGN DEBT 
     Used for external debt 
GLOBALIZATION 
HANDICRAFTS 
    Technical and traditional products that unite practical preoccupations with aesthetics. In many cases, the commercialization of these products are forms of livelihood. 
HOME-BASED WORKERS 
HOUSING 
INCOME GENERATING PROJECTS 
    Popular organizations that generate income. 
INDUSTRIAL ESTATES 
    Includes free trade zones, industrial parks such as CALABARZON, and other industrial sites 
INDUSTRIALIZATION 
    Includes mechanization 
INFORMAL SECTOR 
    Used for underground economy. Includes sidewalk vendors, food stall operators, hawkers and others. 
LABOR DISCRIMINATION 
    Discrimination in access to employment and promotion to managerial positions due to sex or gender. 
LABOR FORCE 
LEISURE TIME 
    Includes recreation 
LIVING CONDITIONS 
    Qualitative terms used to describe socio-economic and environmental context. 
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 
MARKETING PRACTICES 
    Includes promotional gimmicks, contests, and others 
MIGRANT WORKERS 
    Used for overseas contract workers 
MINIMUM STANDARD OF LIVING 
    Includes quality of life 
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 
    Health problems related to employment or activities geared towards a person's development. 
PAID HOUSEWORK 
    Giving monetary value to housework that is often unrecognized or unpaid. 
PART-TIME WORKERS 
    Used for seasonal workers and temporary workers 
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 
    Used for drug industry 
POVERTY 
PROFESSIONAL WOMEN 
RESOURCE CONTROL 
    Refers to ownership, management, stewardship of natural resources 
SERVICE SECTOR 
    Includes commerce, hotel industry, maintenance and reports, banking sector, insurance, tourism, artistic industry and employees of the public and private sector. The actions, organizations and the actors involved. 
SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR 
SMALL ENTERPRISES 
SOCIAL SECURITY 
SOCIO-ECONOMIC 
    Includes socio-economic conditions, economic situationers and status 
STRIKES 
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS 
    Refers to World Bank prescriptions to the South, i.e. trade liberalization, currency devaluation, reduction of public expenditures, increased taxation, dismantling of import controls and subsidiaries to domestic exports. Also known as SAPs. 
SUBCONTRACTING 
    Employment or work by stages as used by large corporations; intermediate industries. 
TAXES 
TOURISM 
TRADE 
TRADE LIBERALIZATION 
TRADE UNIONS 
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS 
    Also known as TNCs. Includes Multinational Corporations or MNCs 
UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES 
    Includes union busting, unpaid overtime work, and other violation of labor rights 
VOLUNTARY WORK 
    Employment not compensated and rendered with a sense of service. 
WAGE DISCRIMINATION 
    Wage discrimination between men and women for the same work or task. 
WAGES 
    Used for income 
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 
    Women who perform directive duties in public or private businesses as owners and non-owners. 
WOMEN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS 
    Women who assume the principal role as providers for the material needs of the family. 
WOMEN MANAGERS 
    Used for executive women 
WOMEN WORKERS 
    Workers salaried in industry or farms. It includes persons employed in domestic service, informal sector and professions.
WOMEN'S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION 
WOMEN'S ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE 
WORK AT HOME 
WORKDAY 
    Time dedicated to an activity with compensation whether full-time, part-time, or hourly. 
WORKING CONDITIONS 
    Physical, social, administrative and psycho-social factors that affect the work environment. 

[EDU] Education
ACCESS TO EDUCATION 
ADULT EDUCATION 
    Also refers to continuing education 
CO-EDUCATION 
COMMUNITY EDUCATION 
CURRICULUM 
DAY CARE CENTERS 
EDUCATIONAL DISCRIMINATION 
EDUCATIONAL POLICY 
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 
   	Use Primary Education 
ENROLMENT 
FURTHER EDUCATION 
   	Postgraduate studies at the professional level or technical courses towards a specialization. Masters, doctoral degrees, etc. 
HEALTH EDUCATION 
   	Education which may include techniques and forms that promotes health. 
HEALTH PROMOTION 
    Use Health Education 
HIGH SCHOOL 
    Use Secondary Education 
HIGHER EDUCATION 
    University/College education and equivalent 
ILLITERACY 
    Use Literacy 
LEARNING DISABILITIES 
LITERACY 
    Includes actions, actors and educators, as well as levels of literacy 
PEER EDUCATION 
    Education involves adolescence 
POPULAR EDUCATION 
    Applicable methods in any area of basic methods 
PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN 
    Use Pre-School Education 
PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION 
    Includes young children, educators, pupils, systems and methods 
PRIMARY EDUCATION 
SECONDARY EDUCATION 
SEX EDUCATION 
SOCIALIZATION 
STUDENT MOVEMENTS 
TEACHERS 
TEACHING AIDS 
    Communication media of image and sound for the masses. 
TECHNICAL EDUCATION 
TRAINING 
TRAINING PROGRAMS 
WOMEN'S STUDIES 
    A program of studies oriented to gender theme and disseminated through upper education or equivalent. 

[ENV] Environment
AGENDA 21 
    Global action plan for the 21st century adopted during the UNCED or Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. Agenda 21 emphasizes the goals of sustainable and equitable development. 
BIODIVERSITY 
     Same as Vandana Shiva's definition 
ECOFEMINISM 
ENVIRONMENT 
    Used for ecology. Includes habitats, geographical, social and ecological environment. 
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT 
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    The destruction of the environment through logging, exploitation of natural resources 
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS 
ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS 
GLOBAL WARMING 
NATURAL CALAMITIES 
NATURAL RESOURCES 
NUCLEAR TESTING 
POLLUTION 
RADIOACTIVE WASTE DUMPING 
    The unsafe disposal of radioactive and nuclear wastes into the environment, with severe implications on the environment and the health of its inhabitants. Usually urban to rural or First World to Third World. 
REFORESTATION 
RESOURCE SCARCITY 
WASTE MANAGEMENT 
    Used for waste disposal and waste management 
WASTELANDS DEVELOPMENT 
    Efforts at reclaiming vast tracts of agricultural or industrial lands that lay idle because they are infertile or misused. 

[FAM] Family
ADOPTION 
CHILD CARE 
CHILDLESS COUPLES 
The absence of a child in a couple's union. May refer to issues on reproductive technology and family planning. 
COMMON LAW MARRIAGE 
    Use Consensual Union 
CONSENSUAL UNION 
    A union where a couple lives together without marriage. 
COUPLE 
DIVORCE 
ELDERLY CARE 
    The care of elderly people aged 60 and above, usually by women. 
EXTENDED FAMILY 
    Includes kin who are not part of the nuclear family, but who live in the same household. 
FAMILY 
    Refers to the institution of the family and its values and breakdown 
FAMILY LEGISLATION 
    Laws related to the family, married life, children, parenthood, obligations, rights and duties. 
FAMILY LIFE 
FATHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP 
FILIATION 
    The matter of making children part of the family whether legitimate, illegitimate, natural or adopted. 
HOUSEHOLD UNIT 
    The composition of people, oftentimes the family, within the house. It is made a point of reference for studying power
    structures created within. In economy, the members' roles in productivity. 
LESBIAN COUPLE 
    Lesbian women in a relationship. May connote arrangements on living together and child rearing. 
MARRIAGE 
    A union vested upon by rite or law 
MARRIAGE ANNULMENT 
    Declaration of marriage as invalid so that legally, it is considered to have never existed. 
MARRIED WOMEN 
    Connotes issues relevant to women's marital status 
MIXED MARRIAGE 
    Refers to the marriage between two people of different races. Use for miscenegation. 
MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP 
MOTHERHOOD 
NUCLEAR FAMILY 
NUPTIALITY 
    Number of marriages proportionate to a determined time and place. 
PARENTHOOD 
POLYGAMY 
SEPARATION 
    To be considered as the physical separation of a marriage or couple 
SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY 
WIDOWHOOD 
    State of a woman whose partner has passed away and there has been no subsequent nuptials and related terms. 
WOMEN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS 
    Women who assume the principal role as providers for the material needs of the family. 

[HEA] Health
ACCIDENTS 
AIDS/HIV 
    Used for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 
ALCOHOLISM 
    Used for alcohol addiction 
ALTERNATIVE HEALTH 
BOTTLEFEEDING 
    Nutrition with industrially produced milk 
BREAST PROBLEMS 
    Includes various types of breast diseases like mastalgia, cysts, fibroadenoma, nipple discharges, nipple inversion, mastitis, breast cancer, and mastectomy 
CANCER 
CERVICAL CANCER 
COMMUNITY HEALTH 
    Exercise in medicine beyond the principal establishments and recognized as a way of utilizing scarce, available resources. A new form to undertake the problem of health that is critical of institutional medicine and accomplish its outreach to those who do not have other responsibilities. 
DIFFERENTLY-ABLED PERSONS 
    Used for Disabled Persons. Includes physical and mental health impediments. 
DISEASES 
DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 
DRUG ADDICTION 
DRUGS 
    Stupefacient. Used with or without medical reason. Positions addressing the problem, related actions, consumption and
    commercialization. 
EATING DISORDERS 
     Includes anorexia nervosa, bulimia 
EUTHANASIA 
GYNECOLOGY 
HEALTH CONDITIONS 
    Terms used to describe health conditions of a country or region or particular sector of the population. 
HEALTH EDUCATION 
    Education which may include techniques and forms that promotes health. 
HEALTH HAZARDS 
    Includes use of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, objects, and activities that are detrimental to one's health 
HEALTH INDICATORS 
    To be used when addressing the construction of indicators or theoretical aspects over the same and/or when by statistics
    or graphics describing the health situation of a country, region or group of people, covering numerous aspects of variables, e.g. health services, family planning, abortion, maternal morbidity, etc. 
HEALTH POLICY 
    Refers to public health, methods in which countries organize  services, personnel and infrastructure in turn to prevention and curing. 
HEALTH SERVICES 
HERBS 
    Use Medicinal Plants 
HOLISTIC HEALTH 
HYGIENE 
IMMUNIZATION 
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 
MEDICAL ADVICE 
    Use Doctor-Patient Relationship 
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE 
MEDICINAL PLANTS 
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 
    Health problems related to employment or activities geared towards a person's development. 
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 
    Actions oriented to prevent illnesses, includes works of public service. 
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE 
    Basic services that focus on preventive and curative practices. Includes the actions and actors. 
RURAL HEALTH CARE 
SELF-HELP GROUPS 
    Taking charge of one's own health concerns and challenging the social control of women's sexuality and reproduction through techniques such as self-examination and information-sharing (Amazons, Bluestockings and Crones. Kramarae and Treichler, eds.) 
SEX HORMONES 
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES 
    Includes all diseases contracted (not "contacted") through sexual relations, except for AIDS which is addressed in a separate descriptor. 
SMOKING 
STUPEFACIENT 
    Use Drugs 
TRADITIONAL HEALERS 
    Persons, generally women, who practice medicine without being medical doctors and base their practice in their knowledge of traditional medicine. 
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 
    Arts and sciences for treating and preventing illnesses based on popular knowledge, ancestral practice of products and cultural inheritance of villages. 
URINARY TRACT INFECTION 
    Also known as U.T.I. 
VAGINAL INFECTIONS 
WESTERN MEDICINE 
WOMEN DOCTORS 
WOMEN'S DISEASES 
    Broader concepts than gynecological illnesses. 

[HUM] Human Rights
CHILDREN'S RIGHTS 
CLASS DISCRIMINATION 
    Distinctions based on social class 
DEVELOPMENT AGGRESSION 
EDUCATIONAL DISCRIMINATION 
FREEDOM 
    Use Human Rights 
GIRL-CHILD 
HUMAN RIGHTS 
    Refers to those proclaimed in the universal declaration and in the subsequent conventions and those evolving of the third
    generation in which the latter have not been recognized as of yet. 
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 
    Includes conventions, declarations, international pacts and recommendations. UNESCO uses similar international instruments. 
POLITICAL PRISONERS 
POPULATION CONTROL 
PROSTITUTION 
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 
     Use Racism 
RACISM 
    Used for racial discrimination and includes apartheid 
REFUGEES 
    Population that abandons their own normal residency for political reasons and other reasons. 
REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS 
    The power to freely decide to bear children. Refers to the politics, law, etc. 
SEXISM 
    Used for discrimination against women. Makes reference to the general concept of discrimination that is based on gender or sex. 
TORTURE 
    Refers to physical or psychological pressure 
WAGE DISCRIMINATION 
    Wage discrimination between men and women for the same work or task. 
WOMEN'S RIGHTS 

[IDE] Ideologies
ADVOCACY AND CAMPAIGNS 
FEMINISM 
    Theoretical aspects referring to the current ideology in politics, social and cultural. 
FEMINISTS 
IDEOLOGIES 
    Representation of the imaginary relation of individuals with realistic existing conditions. 
LIBERAL FEMINISM 
LIBERATION THEOLOGY 
    New interpretation of the new evangelical message from the reality of Latin American towns (Catholic Church). 
MATRIARCHY 
    Social organization in which the authority is exercised by the woman head of household and is extended to kin. 
PATRIARCHY 
    Social organization in which the authority is exercised by the man-head of household - it extends to distant kin. In such a
    system the women are discriminated and relegated to second level. 
PHILOSOPHY 
RADICAL FEMINISM 
SOCIALIST FEMINISM 

[LAW] Law
ADOPTION 
ADULTERY 
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 
    Social policy of positive discrimination, affirmative action. Active measures for correcting the effects of the past discrimination to eliminate actual discrimination and to promote equality. 
CITIZENSHIP 
CIVIL LAW 
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 
CRIMINAL LAW 
    Includes the rights of the accused 
FAMILY LEGISLATION 
    Laws related to the family, married life, children, parenthood, obligations, rights and duties. 
INTERNATIONAL LAW 
ISLAMIC LAW 
LABOR LEGISLATION 
    Laws that regulate labor activities and its participants. Includes labor rights. 
LEGAL DISCRIMINATION 
LEGISLATION 
    Groups of law by which a state governs: to be used in rhe most widely used manner and if no material can be specified (omit "or") it is treated as general. 
LEGISLATIVE BILL 
MARITAL LAW 
PRISONS 
    Includes common prisoners, penitentiary system, etc. 
SOCIAL SECURITY 
WOMEN LAWYERS 
WOMEN'S PRISONS 
     Use Prisons 
WOMEN'S TRIBUNALS 

[LIF] Life Cycles
ADOLESCENCE 
    Youth between 12 and 18 years of age (varies according to customs and other reasons). Refers to the stage in life. 
ADULTHOOD 
    Cycle of life as contained between youth and the elderly. 
CHILDHOOD 
    Use Children 
CHILDREN 
    Life cycle from age 0 to 12 of age; infancy: childhood. 
DEATH 
GENERATION GAP 
    Refers to inter-generational conflict 
MENOPAUSE 
    The final cycle of menstruation which includes the symptoms, effects, problems, treatments related to this period in a woman's life 
MENSTRUATION 
MID-LIFE 
OLD AGE 
    Cycle of life that goes from age 65 or up. 
WIDOWHOOD 
    State of a woman whose partner has passed away and there has been no subsequent nuptials and related terms. 
YOUNG PEOPLE 
    Use Youth 
YOUNG WOMEN 
    To be used only when distinguishing within youth. 
YOUTH 
    Cycle of life as contained between childhood and adult (includes persons between 15 and 24 years of age, ONU). 

[LIT] Literature & Arts
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES 
CARTOONS 
CINEMA 
    Use Performing Arts 
DANCE 
    Use Performing Arts 
FICTION 
FOLK ART 
GAY WRITINGS 
HANDICRAFTS 
    Technical and traditional products that unite practical preoccupations with aesthetics. In many cases, the
    commercialization of these products are forms of livelihood. 
JOURNALS 
LESBIAN WRITINGS 
LIFE STORIES 
    Includes autobiographies, personal accounts 
LITERATURE 
    Used in the larger context. Includes literary analysis, literary works, literary compositions, literary critiques, forms and
    classes of writers and oral literature like storytelling. 
MUSIC 
PAINTING 
    Use Visual Arts 
PERFORMING ARTS 
    Includes films, dance, theater, puppets and mime 
PHOTOGRAPHY 
    Use Visual Arts 
POETRY 
PUPPETS 
    Use Performing Arts 
SCIENCE FICTION 
SCULPTURE 
    Use Visual Arts 
VISUAL ARTS 
    Includes photography, painting and sculpture 
WOMEN ARTISTS 
WOMEN'S IMAGE 
    Women as subjects of arts 

[MHE] Mental Health
COUNSELING 
DEPRESSION 
FEELINGS 
    Includes a variety of human sentiments (love, hate, illusions, joy, anger, sorrow, etc.) 
FRIGIDITY 
IMPOTENCE 
INSANITY 
MENTAL HEALTH 
OEDIPUS COMPLEX 
PHOBIA 
PSYCHOANALYSIS 
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS 
PSYCHOLOGY 
SELF-HELP GROUPS 
    Taking charge of one's own health concerns and challenging the social control of women's sexuality and reproduction through techniques such as self-examination and information-sharing (Amazons, Bluestockings and Crones. Kramarae and Treichler, eds.) 
STRESS MANAGEMENT 
THERAPY 
    Psychological treatment of two or more people 
WORKAHOLICS 

[NUT] Nutrition & Food
BIOTECHNOLOGY 
    Encompasses all aspects of the incorporation of new and old technologies as related to biology as well as its study and
    management. 
DIETS 
    Use Food Customs 
FAMINE 
FOOD CUSTOMS 
    Refers to the nutritional habits and health regimens of a person or social group 
FOOD PROCESSING 
FOOD RESOURCES 
NUTRITION 
    Includes nutritional state, problems, characteristics, malnutrition 
ORGANIC FOOD 
VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS 

[PEA] Peace & Disarmament
ARMAMENT 
CONFLICT RESOLUTION 
    Also includes conflict management 
DISARMAMENT 
MILITARISM 
    Tendency of military institutions to extend their participation in the civil government of an organization; especially the weights of the military in attitudes and social systems. 
NONVIOLENCE 
    Understood as an action method or social mobilization. Includes theoretical elaboration. Also includes pacifism and active non-violence 
NUCLEAR ENERGY 
PEACE 
PEACE MOVEMENTS 
POST-WAR REHABILITATION & REPARATION 
SOCIAL CONFLICTS 
WAR 
    Includes national armed conflicts at the national, international, and local level, its causes and consequences 
WAR SURVIVORS 
WOMEN IN WAR 

[POL] Politics & Government
AUTHORITARIANISM 
    A political system in which the governors are not elected by the governees, there is no change in power, characterized by limited pluralistic politics, lacking political mobilization and when power is concentrated in one leader or a limited group. 
CAPITALISM 
CITIZENSHIP 
CIVIL SOCIETY 
COLONIALISM 
DEMOCRACY 
    Refers to a group of ideals and political systems. A regime of governors elected by the people they govern. 
DICTATORSHIP 
    Use Authoritarianism 
ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR 
    Trends and tendencies in voting and electoral behavior 
GOVERNMENT POLICY 
INTER-STATE CONFLICTS 
    Conflict between two nation-states 
LOCAL GOVERNMENT 
    Terms used to refer to decentralized administration of government such as municipalities, provinces, regions, etc. 
MILITARISM 
    Tendency of military institutions to extend their participation in the civil government of an organization; especially the weights of the military in attitudes and social systems. 
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 
    Participation in political parties, electoral processes, instance of local power and other organisms of. power 
POLITICAL PARTIES 
POLITICAL PRISONERS 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
     Refers to political discipline 
POLITICAL SYSTEMS 
    Forms in which social actors organize and relate in order to rise to positions of power and governance. 
POWER 
    i.e. hegemonic 
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 
    Includes the management apparatus of the state and its actors (administration, bureaucracy, organization, decision,
    communication, authority, public service) 
PUBLIC OFFICIALS 
    Terms used to refer to legal, political and economic functions that are performed by central and local governments, parliaments, judicial powers and other leagues of public administration. 
PUBLIC SERVICES 
    Use Public Administration 
REPRESSION 
   	An act or group of acts, ordinarily used by powers that be, to contain, deter or punish with violence political or social acts (Dictionary RAE). Includes physical and psychological repression. 
REVOLUTION 
SOCIAL POLICY 
SOCIALISM 
STATE 
    The political body of a nation 
WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT 
    Ministry/Department/Bureau. Governmental offices dedicated to women's affairs, also called national mechanisms. 
WOMEN IN MILITARY 
WOMEN IN POLITICS 
WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE 

[REL] Religion & Spirituality
ASTROLOGY 
BIBLICAL STORIES 
BUDDHISM 
CASTES 
CATHOLIC CHURCH 
    Includes the structure, institution, hierarchy, membership doctrines, rites, worship 
CELIBACY 
CHRISTIANITY 
CHURCHES 
CONFUCIANISM 
CULTS 
FEMINIST THEOLOGIANS 
FUNDAMENTALISM 
    Refers to Fundamentalism as a movement 
GODDESS WORSHIP 
HINDUISM 
ISLAM 
MARIANISM 
    Worship of the Virgin Mary; Catholic Church 
PAGAN RELIGIONS 
PRAYERS 
PRIESTESSES 
RELIGION 
RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS 
RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION 
RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE 
RELIGIOUS LEADERS 
RELIGIOUS WOMEN 
    Persons who are devoted to a religious life and are part of a religious institution. 
SPIRITUALITY 
    i.e. spiritual growth 
THEOLOGY 
WITCHCRAFT 
WOMEN IN ISLAM 
WOMEN IN THE BIBLE 
    i.e., Christian Bible 

[REP] Reproductive Health
ABORTION 
    Includes actions, technologies 
ABORTION TECHNIQUES 
    Use Abortion 
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION 
    Always refers to human beings as new reproductive technology. 
BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVES 
    Includes condoms, diaphragm, cap, intrauterine device 
BIRTHING TECHNIQUES 
    Use Childbirth 
BREAST FEEDING 
CHILDBIRTH 
CONTRACEPTIVES, GENERAL 
    Includes all contraceptive methods or when there are no specifics on a particular one 
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL 
    Use Hormonal Contraceptives. Also known as D.E.S. 
EUGENICS 
    Application of genetic biological laws as it relates to the perfecting of the human race. 
FAMILY PLANNING 
    Conscious control of fertility by the use of mechanisms to limit births. Used for Responsible Parenthood. 
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION 
    Includes clitoridectomy, infibulation and others. Also called female circumcision. 
FEMININE HYGIENE 
FERTILITY 
    The abundance or rapidity in bearing offsprings. It also refers to the birthrate of a population, fertility rate and fertility behavior. Use for infertility. 
FRIGIDITY 
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES 
    Includes Dalkon shields, pills, injectables and implants like Norplant, Diethylstilbestrol (D.E.S.) 
HYSTERECTOMY 
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 
MATERNAL MORTALITY 
MENOPAUSE 
    The final cycle of menstruation which includes the symptoms, effects, problems, treatments related to this period in a woman's life 
MENSTRUATION 
MENSTRUATION DISORDERS 
    Use Menstruation 
MIDWIVES 
    Women with traditional medical knowledge who attend to birthing 
NATURAL BIRTH CONTROL 
    Includes Ogino, vaginal mucus (Billings) method, etc. 
NATURAL CHILDBIRTH 
PELVIC EXAMINATION 
    Disease prevention and control or pregnancy-related medical procedure. 
POPULATION RESEARCH 
POSITION ON ABORTION 
PREGNANCY 
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME 
    Use Menstruation 
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR 
    Refers to human reproduction activities 
REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS 
    The power to freely decide to bear children. Refers to the politics, law, etc. 
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 
    Manufactured techniques to overcome problems in human reproduction. 
REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS 
RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD 
    Use Family Planning 
SELF-EXAM 
    Self examinations as practiced by women, knowledge of her own body and preventives. 
SEX HORMONES 
STERILITY 
    Conditions of male sterility, includes causes, problems, etc. 
STERILIZATION 
    Birth control method whether feminine or masculine. 
TEENAGE PREGNANCY 
UNPLANNED PREGNANCY 
VASECTOMY 

[SCI] Science & Technology
ADEQUATE TECHNOLOGIES 
    Use Appropriate Technologies 
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES 
    Making use of technology with minimum resources and basic materials; includes alternative to technology. 
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION 
    Always refers to human beings as new reproductive technology. 
AUTOMATION 
    Includes computerization and mechanization of work in industry, agriculture, and at home 
BIOTECHNOLOGY 
    Encompasses all aspects of the incorporation of new and old technologies as related to biology as well as its study and
    management. 
COMPUTERS 
EUGENICS 
    Application of genetic biological laws as it relates to the perfecting of the human race. 
GENETIC ENGINEERING 
    Use Biotechnology 
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION 
    New reproductive technology e.g., test tube babies 
INVENTIONS 
NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 
NEW REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 
    Manufactured techniques to overcome problems in human reproduction. 
NUCLEAR ENERGY 
SCIENCE 
    Knowledge, scientific works (when one science is not specified in particular) 
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 
    Activities to understand and explain phenomena, supposed convergence of theory and investigation. Investigations in natural sciences. 
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
WOMEN SCIENTISTS 
    Include inventors 

[SEX] Women's Sexuality & Identity
CELIBACY 
CHASTITY 
CIRCUMCISION 
COITUS 
    Use Sexual Behavior 
EROTICISM 
EVERYDAY LIFE 
    Includes personal accounts that is more exposition 
FEMININE IDENTITY 
    Use Women's Identity 
FRIGIDITY 
GENDER SYSTEMS 
HOMOSEXUALITY 
    Includes homophobia 
IMPOTENCE 
LESBIANS 
    Used for Lesbianism 
MASTURBATION 
MOTHERHOOD 
PRE-MARITAL SEX 
PUBLIC SPHERE/PRIVATE SPHERE 
    Used specifically to distinguish analysis or explanation of the realities of women, related to role distinctions. Term also
    used as home/street by Ana Pizaro. 
RELATIONSHIPS 
    Includes sexual, friendships, women as social beings 
SADO-MASOCHISM 
SELF-DEVELOPMENT 
Includes activities that refer to personal growth, integral development and self-esteem 
SELF-ESTEEM 
    Use Self-Development 
SEX EDUCATION 
SEX ROLES 
    Roles assigned to persons and social institutions by virtue of their sex (physiologic in nature). See also Culture. 
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 
    Refers to sexual activity 
SEXUAL POLITICS 
    Refers to the power dynamics between the sexes 
SEXUALITY 
    Includes sexual awakening and adolescent sexuality 
SINGLES 
STEREOTYPES 
    Includes beauty contests, pageants 
UNMARRIED MOTHERS 
VIRGINITY 
WOMAN'S BODY 
WOMEN'S DEPENDENCE 
The psychological dependence of the woman. Makes reference to a duality of dependency autonomy in group institutions and interpersonal relations. 
WOMEN'S IDENTITY 
    An identity recognized as feminine. 
WOMEN'S RIGHTS 
WOMEN'S STATUS 
    Refers to conditions/situations of women 

[SOC] Social Actors & Political Movements
ADOLESCENTS 
Youth between 12 and 18 years of age (varies according to customs and other reasons). Refers to the persons. 
ADULTS 
    Cycle of life as contained between youth and the elderly. 
ADVOCACY AND CAMPAIGNS 
COMMUNITY CENTERS 
    Community based organizations for grassroots activities. 
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 
    Use Social Movements 
CONGRESSES 
FEMINIST MOVEMENT 
International movement of women, with North American and European counterparts and followers worldwide. 
FUNDAMENTALISM 
    Refers to Fundamentalism as a movement 
GAY LIBERATION MOVEMENTS 
HOUSEWIVES 
Women in charge of their homes and families without compensatory activities. 
INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY 
    Relates to March 8 
LEADERSHIP 
An entity responsible for directing and conducting an activity that can influence two or more people. 
LESBIAN MOVEMENTS 
LOWER CLASS 
    Refers to socio-economic status 
MIDDLE CLASS 
    Refers to socio-economic status 
MUSLIM WOMEN 
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 
    Also NGOs 
POPULAR MOVEMENTS 
    Use Social Movements 
PROFESSIONAL WOMEN 
RURAL WOMEN 
    Includes farm workers and women working in agriculture 
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 
    Community movements. Includes popular resistance. 
STRIKES 
STUDENT MOVEMENTS 
SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATIONS 
Organizations generally popular created under an economic solidarity. Includes shared land, common kettles, popular eateries, joint purchasing, etc. 
TRADE UNIONS 
UPPER CLASS 
    Refers to socio-economic status 
URBAN POOR WOMEN 
WOMEN ARTISTS 
WOMEN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS 
Women who assume the principal role as providers for the material needs of the family. 
WOMEN INTELLECTUALS 
WOMEN POLITICAL ACTIVISTS 
WOMEN SCIENTISTS 
    Include inventors 
WOMEN STRUGGLES 
Includes individual or collective action, passive or active resistance against patriarchy, oppressive regimes, etc. 
WOMEN WORKERS 
Workers salaried in industry or farms. It includes persons employed in domestic service, informal sector and professions.
WOMEN'S DEMANDS 
Demands of women oriented to improve their social, political, economic and cultural conditions. 
WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS 
    Encompasses all feminine movements regardless of size and scope. 
WOMEN'S NETWORKS 
WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS 
Social organizations where the membership is women: feminine organizations. 
WORKERS' MOVEMENTS 
YOUNG WOMEN 
    To be used only when distinguishing within youth. 
YOUTH 
Cycle of life as contained between childhood and adult (includes persons between 15 and 24 years of age, ONU). 

[VAW] Violence Against Women
BATTERED WOMEN 
COMFORT WOMEN 
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE 
It refers to the continuing and successive phase of domestic violence which occurs in the abusive relationship of the man towards the woman. 
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 
Violence exercised in the home against other family members (especially women, elderly and children). 
DOWRY MURDER 
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION 
Includes clitoridectomy, infibulation and others. Also called female circumcision. 
FEMINICIDE 
INCEST 
LAPIDATION 
    Death by stoning. 
MAIL-ORDER BRIDES 
MALE AGGRESSOR 
MISOGYNY 
PHYSICAL ABUSE 
    Use Battered Women 
PORNOGRAPHY 
PROSTITUTION 
PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE 
    It is also labeled as emotional abuse. It may encompass all types of violence (domestic, institutional, pornography, etc.) 
RAPE 
SADO-MASOCHISM 
SELF-DEFENCE 
SELF-HELP GROUPS 
Taking charge of one's own health concerns and challenging the social control of women's sexuality and reproduction through techniques such as self-examination and information-sharing (Amazons, Bluestockings and Crones. Kramarae and Treichler, eds.) 
SEX SEPARATION 
    Refers to sex determination, i.e., bias to male fetuses in China, India 
SEX TOURISM 
SEXUAL ASSAULT 
    Use Sexual Violence 
SEXUAL HARASSMENT 
All types of unwanted advances, pressures and sexual harassment, be it physical or verbal. 
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE 
    Harassment that women suffer in work related activities, generally by a superior. 
SEXUAL SLAVERY 
SEXUAL VIOLENCE 
    Includes rape 
TORTURE 
    Refers to physical or psychological pressure 
TRAFFIC IN WOMEN 
VIOLENCE IN THE HEALTH SERVICE 
To be understood in those forms of abusive treatment in health for women within her social dimension. Related aspects with forced family planning, unnecessary sterilization and caesarians. 
WOMEN'S POLICE STATION 
Police stations where women can initiate complaints of violence towards them. 
WOMEN'S SHELTERS 

[WIS] Women in Islam
MUSLIM WOMEN 
WOMEN AND THE QUR'AN 
WOMEN AND THE SHA'RIA LAW